FAQ

Nanga amanyathelo abanzi okusebenzisa umatshini we-centrifuge:

1. Ziqhelanise nomatshini othile we-centrifuge oza kuwusebenzisa. Funda imiyalelo yomenzi kwaye uqhelane namacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye nezicwangciso.

2. Qinisekisa ukuba umatshini we-centrifuge ukwimeko entle yokusebenza kwaye ulungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kwisicelo esithile oya kusetyenziselwa sona.

3. Layisha iisampuli kwi-rotor ye-centrifuge. Iisampuli kufuneka zihanjiswe ngokulinganayo kwaye zilinganiswe kwi-rotor ukuphepha umonakalo kumatshini.

4. Vala isiciko somatshini we-centrifuge ngokukhuselekileyo. Umatshini awuyi kusebenza ngaphandle kokuba isiciko sivalwe kakuhle.

5. Beka isantya esifunwayo kunye nexesha lomatshini we-centrifuge. Izicwangciso ezithile ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweesampulu ezicutshungulwayo kunye neprotocol oyilandelayo.

6. Qala umatshini we-centrifuge. Qinisekisa ukuma ngokucacileyo kumatshini ngexesha lokusebenza ukuphepha ukulimala kwiindawo ezihambayo.

7. Emva kokuba i-centrifuge iphelile, susa ngokucophelela iisampuli kwi-rotor. Qinisekisa ukuphatha iisampuli ngobunono kwaye ugweme ukuphazamisa nayiphi na imigangatho enokuthi yenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo ye-centrifugation.

8. Lahla naziphi na izinto ezilahlwayo ngokwemigaqo yokhuseleko efanelekileyo kwaye ucoce umatshini we-centrifuge ngokucokisekileyo phambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba oomatshini be-centrifuge banokuba yingozi xa bengasetyenziswanga kakuhle. Hlala ulandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko kwaye ufumane uqeqesho olufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umatshini we-centrifuge.

I-Centrifugation yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukwahlula amacandelo ahlukeneyo egazi kwingxowa yegazi.

Nanga amanyathelo ngokubanzi abandakanyekayo kwi-centrifuging ibhegi yegazi:

1. Qinisekisa ukuba ingxowa yegazi ibhalwe ngokufanelekileyo iinkcukacha zesigulana kunye nohlobo lwemveliso yegazi equlethwe ngaphakathi.

2. Beka ingxowa yegazi kumatshini we-centrifuge. Lo matshini ufanele umiselwe ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi wawo uze ulinganiswe ngohlobo oluthile lwemveliso yegazi elungiswayo.

3. Vala isiciko somatshini we-centrifuge kwaye uqale inkqubo yokujikeleza. Isantya kunye nobude be-spin iya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwemveliso yegazi eyenziwayo.

4. Njengoko isikhwama segazi sijikeleza, amacandelo ahlukeneyo egazi aya kwahlula ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bawo. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ezinzima ziya kuhlala phantsi kwesikhwama, ngelixa i-plasma ekhanyayo iya kunyuka iye phezulu.

5. Emva kokuba inkqubo yokujikeleza igqityiwe, susa ngokucophelela isikhwama segazi kumatshini we-centrifuge. Qinisekisa ukuphatha isikhwama ngobumnene ukuphepha ukuphazamisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo.

6. Iinxalenye ezahluliweyo ngoku zinokukhutshwa kwingxowa yegazi kusetyenziswa iseti yokudluliselwa kweentsholongwane. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinokusetyenziselwa utofelo-gazi, ngelixa iplasma inokusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo zonyango.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uqeqesho olululo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko afanele athathwe xa kusingathwa iimveliso zegazi kunye noomatshini abasebenzisa i-centrifuge.

Isantya esifunekayo ukwahlula igazi usebenzisa i-centrifuge sixhomekeke kuhlobo lwamalungu egazi ofuna ukuwahlula kunye nohlobo lwe-centrifuge esetyenziswayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiinjongo zeklinikhi eziqhelekileyo, isantya esiphezulu se-centrifugation esisetyenziselwa ukwahlula igazi siphakathi kwe-3000 ukuya kwi-4000 revolutions ngomzuzu (RPM). Esi santya sanele ukwahlula igazi kwiinxalenye zalo, ezizezi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe kunye nesiyilelo-gazi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ulwahlulo oluthe ngqo ngakumbi lwamalungu egazi, njengokuhlukanisa iindidi ezithile zeeseli okanye amasuntswana, kunokufuneka uhlengahlengise isantya se-centrifugation ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukwahlula iiplatelet kwiplasma, isantya se-centrifugation sinokunyuswa ukuya kwi-4000-5000 RPM.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isantya esifanelekileyo se-centrifugation sinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-centrifuge, uhlobo lwetyhubhu esetyenzisiweyo, kunye nomthamo wesampulu i-centrifuged.

Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele imiyalelo ethile ye-centrifuge yakho kunye nohlobo lwetyhubhu ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo.

Ukulinganisa i-centrifuge kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisampulu zihanjiswa ngokulinganayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokujikeleza, enokukunceda ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-centrifuge kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kweziphumo.

Nanga amanyathelo aqhelekileyo okulinganisa i-centrifuge:

1. Khangela umthamo omkhulu womthwalo we-centrifuge kwaye ungagqithisi kuwo.

2. Beka iibhubhu okanye abanikazi beesampuli kwi-rotor ye-centrifuge kwipatheni ye-symmetrical ejikeleze i-axis yeziko le-rotor.

3. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yongeza iibhubhu ezingenanto okanye izisindo zokulinganisa kwiindawo ezingenanto kwi-rotor ukuphumeza ibhalansi.

4. Vala isiciko se-centrifuge kwaye uqinisekise ukuba sikhuselekile ngokufanelekileyo.

5. Beka i-centrifuge kwisantya esifunwayo kwaye uyiqhube ixesha elifutshane.

6. Misa i-centrifuge kwaye ukhangele nakuphi na ukushukuma okanye ukushukuma. Ukuba i-centrifuge ayilungelelananga, yeka i-centrifuge, vula isiciko, kwaye ulungelelanise abagcini beesampuli okanye udibanise okanye ususe ubunzima bokulinganisa njengoko kufuneka.

7. Phinda amanyathelo 5 kunye ne-6 de i-centrifuge ihambe kakuhle ngaphandle kokushukuma okanye ukungcangcazela.

Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo ethile ye-centrifuge yakho kunye nohlobo lwe-rotor ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa okufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokulinganisa i-centrifuge kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezihambelanayo nezichanekileyo.

1. Isantya: Ukusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuyo ngumthengi kunye nohlobo lweesampulu abaza kusebenza nabo baya kumisela isantya esifunekayo se-centrifuge. Ii-rotors ezahlukeneyo zifanelekile kwizantya ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubuza umthengi ukuba ungakanani na isantya abasidingayo xa besahlula iisampuli.

2. Umthamo kunye nobungakanani: Ubungakanani besampulu yomthengi kunye neemfuno zokuphumelela kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Zingaphi iimililitha zesampulu (ityhubhu ye-centrifuge) umthengi kufuneka ahlukane, kwaye ingakanani isampuli nganye elindeleke ukuba ihlulwe ngexesha elinye zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekunqumeni i-centrifuge efanelekileyo.

3. Ulawulo lobushushu: Ezinye iisampulu zifuna ulawulo oluthile lobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo ye-centrifugation, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba i-centrifuge ilawulwa ubushushu okanye hayi. Ukuba umthengi ufuna ukwahlula iisampuli kwiqondo lokushisa elichaziweyo, baya kufuneka bakhethe i-centrifuge elawulwa yiqondo lokushisa.

4. Inkqubo yokulawula: Inkqubo yokulawula i-centrifuge kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, ngakumbi ukuba umthengi ufuna imisebenzi ethile efana nokuchongwa kwe-rotor, i-lock lock, okanye i-fault indicator.

5. Inqanaba lengxolo: Ukuba i-centrifuge iya kusetyenziswa kwindawo yelabhoratri kunye nezinye izixhobo okanye abasebenzi, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inqanaba lengxolo ye-centrifuge kwaye ukhethe imodeli encinci yengxolo yokugcina indawo yokusebenza ekhululekile.

6. Izixhobo: Eminye imifuniselo ifuna iityhubhu ezikhethekileyo ze-centrifuge okanye izikhongozeli zeesampulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukufumaneka kwezincedisi eziyimfuneko xa ucebisa i-centrifuge kubathengi.

Ngokuqwalasela ezi zinto kunye nokuqonda iimfuno ezithile zomthengi, unokwenza isincomo esinolwazi malunga ne-centrifuge efanelekileyo kwilabhoratri yabo.

Ezinye zezixhobo eziyimfuneko kwi-centrifuge ziquka:

1. Iirotha: I-rotor yinxalenye ye-centrifuge ebamba iityhubhu okanye izikhongozeli ezisongelwayo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-rotor ehambelana neetyhubhu okanye izitya oza kuzisebenzisa.

2. I-Adapters: Ii-adapter ziyimfuneko ekusebenziseni iibhubhu okanye izitya zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kunokuba i-rotor yenzelwe.

3. Iityhubhu ze-Centrifuge: Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetyhubhu ze-centrifuge ziyafumaneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeesampuli, ezifana ne-conical bottom, i-round bottom, okanye i-flat bottom tubes. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwetyhubhu kwisicelo sakho esithile.

4. Imikhono ye-tube: Imikhono ye-tube iyimfuneko xa i-centrifuging iintlobo ezithile zeesampulu, ezifana neesampuli ezinobuthi okanye ze-radioactive, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo.

5. Iibhegi zegazi: Iingxowa zegazi zizikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukujongisisa iisampuli zegazi.

6. Izixhobo zokulawula ubushushu: Ezinye ii-centrifuges zinamandla okulawula ubushushu, kunye nezixhobo ezifana ne-rotors ezilawulwa ngubushushu okanye iibhloko zesampuli zingafuneka kwizicelo ezithile.

7. I-adapters eqinile yegesi: Ezi ziadaptha ziyimfuneko xa zisebenza kunye neesampuli eziguqukayo, njengoko zithintela ukuqhuma okanye ukungcoliswa kwesampuli ngexesha le-centrifugation.

Xa ukhetha izincedisi ze-centrifuge yakho, qiniseka ukuba ukhetha ezo zihambelana nemodeli yakho ye-centrifuge kunye neemfuno zakho zovavanyo.

Isithuba esincinci esifunekayo ukugcina i-fan ngasemva kwe-centrifuge iya kuxhomekeka kubukhulu kunye noyilo lwefeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukucocwa okuthile kufuneka kushiywe malunga nefeni ukuvumela ukuhamba komoya okufanelekileyo, kunye nokukhusela kuwo nawuphi na umonakalo onokuthi ubekho.

Ukungcangcazela okukhulu kunokwenzeka xa i-rotor kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesitya se-centrifuge aluhambelani ngokugqibeleleyo, xa i-rotor igcwele, okanye xa ibhalansi ye-rotor ivaliwe. Ukuthintela oku, umsebenzisi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba i-rotor kunye nesitya zihambelana ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba i-rotor ayilayishwanga, kwaye i-rotor ilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-rotors ephezulu kunye nesezantsi yesantya se-centrifuges sisantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza. Iirobhothi ezinesantya esiphezulu zinokufikelela kwisantya sokuya kuthi ga kwi-100,000 revolutions ngomzuzu (rpm), ngelixa iirotor ezinesantya esiphantsi ngokuqhelekileyo zikhupha malunga ne-10,000 rpm. Isantya esiphezulu apho i-rotor ethe tye inokumelana ngokuqhelekileyo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nobukhulu bayo, izinto eziphathekayo kunye noyilo. Nangona kunjalo, i-rotors ezininzi ezithe tye ziyakwazi ukumelana nesantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30,000 rpm ngaphandle kokufumana umonakalo omkhulu okanye ukusilela. Kubalulekile ukuhlala ulandela iingcebiso zomenzi kunye nezikhokelo zokhuseleko xa usebenza i-centrifuge ukuphepha ukulimala okanye umonakalo kwisixhobo.

I-rotor ye-centrifuge yinxalenye ejikelezayo ye-centrifuge apho isampuli ibekwe khona ukuhlukana.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zerotor ezifumanekayo kwizicelo ezithile, kodwa iinxalenye zerotor eqhelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi abayenzayo yile:

1. Umzimba: Umzimba we-rotor yisakhiwo esiphambili esinamathele kwi-motor ye-centrifuge kwaye ibambe ezinye iindawo.

2. I-Emele: I-emele nganye sisikhongozeli esincinane esigcina isampulu ukuze yahlulwe. Iibhakethi zinokuza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nemathiriyeli ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile.

3. I-Lid: Isiciko se-rotor yintoni evala ibhakethi ukugcina isampuli kwindawo ngexesha le-centrifugation.

4. I-Adapter: I-adapter yi-accessory ehambelana nebhakethi kwaye yenza i-rotor ikwazi ukufaka iibhubhu zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo okanye iimilo.

5. I-O-ring: I-o-ring yigasket eyenza itywina phakathi kwesiciko kunye ne-emele. Ikhusela ukuvuza kunye nokungcoliswa kwesampuli ngexesha le-centrifugation.

6. I-tube cushions: I-tube cushions ifakwe ngaphakathi kwibhakethi okanye i-adapter ukuze ikhuphe isampuli kwaye ikhusele ukuba yonakaliswe ngexesha le-centrifugation.

7. I-spindle: I-spindle yindawo ephakathi ye-rotor ebamba yonke into kunye kunye ne-interfaces phakathi kwe-rotor kunye ne-motor centrifuge.

Ngokubanzi, ezi zizinto eziphambili ze-rotor ye-centrifuge. Nangona kunjalo, iinxalenye kunye nemisebenzi yazo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-centrifuge, kwaye ezinye iirotor zinokuba nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezifana nemikhono okanye amakhonkco ukulungiselela iisampuli ezinkulu.

I-centrifuge sisixhobo esisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo kulwelo okanye umxube.

Iquka amacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo, ngalinye lisenza umsebenzi othile:

1. I-Motor: Le yinxalenye enika amandla i-centrifuge, inika amandla afunekayo ajikelezayo.

2. I-Rotor: Eli licandelo le-centrifuge ebambe isampuli ukuba yahlulwe. Ijikeleza kunye ne-motor, ivelisa ukukhawuleza kwe-centripetal efunekayo kwinkqubo yokwahlula.

3. Abaphathi beTube: Ezi ziindawo zokubeka apho iityhubhu zesampula zifakwe kwi-rotor, inani kunye nobukhulu bayo obuhluka ukusuka kwi-centrifuge ukuya kwi-centrifuge kuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zabo.

4. Isivalo: Isiciko senza isitywina esingangeni moya phezu kwe-rotor kwaye sithintele iziqulatho ukuba zibhabhe ngaphandle xa i-centrifuge isebenza.

5. Iphaneli yokulawula: Le yinxalenye ye-centrifuge evumela umsebenzisi ukuba abeke iliso kwaye alungise izicwangciso. Ibandakanya amaqhosha ahlukeneyo kunye namaqhosha okulawula isantya, ixesha, kunye nobushushu be-centrifugation.

6. I-Brake: Emva kokuba ixesha elifunekayo le-centrifugation liphelile, iibhuleki ziya kunciphisa i-rotor ukusuka kwisantya esiphezulu esifikelele kuyo. Ngokubanzi, ukwakhiwa kunye noyilo lwe-centrifuge lunokwahluka ngokusekelwe kwisicelo esithile, kodwa ezi zikhankanywe ngasentla ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-centrifuge eqhelekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuchonga imbangela yengxolo kunye nokujongana nomcimbi ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela nayiphi na umonakalo onokuthi ubekho kwi-centrifuge okanye umxholo wayo.

Kunokubakho izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukuba i-centrifuge ibe nengxolo. Ezinye zezizathu ezinokwenzeka ziquka:

1. Ukungalingani: Ukuba umthwalo kwi-centrifuge awuhanjiswanga ngokulinganayo, kunokubangela ukuba i-centrifuge ingcangcazele kwaye idale ingxolo.

2. Iibheringi ezigugileyo: Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iibheringi ezikwi-centrifuge zinokuguga kwaye zibangele ukuba i-rotor iguqe, ibangele ingxolo.

3. Amalungu axengaxengayo: Amalungu axengaxengayo okanye awonakeleyo, njengamabhanti, iibholiti, okanye izikrufu, anokubangela ukuba i-centrifuge irhawuze kwaye yenze ingxolo.

4. Ukulayisha ngaphezulu: Ukuqhuba i-centrifuge ngobunzima obuninzi kunokubangela ukuba ixinze kwaye yenze ingxolo.

5. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi: Ukuba i-centrifuge ayisetyenziswanga ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi, inokukhokelela kwingxolo.

6. Ubudala: Iimodeli ezindala zee-centrifuges zinokuvelisa ingxolo eninzi ngenxa yokuguga kunye nokukrazula ixesha elide.